Comparative Study and Implementation of Existing and Proposed Homomorphic Encryption Schemes

Abstract

Unlike traditional methods, homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computations on encrypted data without decryption. This preserves both confidentiality and integrity in untrusted environments like the cloud. HE is vital for securing sensitive data while still allowing processing. Homomorphic encryption (HE) schemes can be categorized into three main types based on the operations they support. Partially Homomorphic Encryption (PHE) allows only one type of operation, either addition or multiplication. Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption (SHE) extends this capability by allowing unlimited additions and a single multiplication. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) supports arbitrary computations by permitting unlimited additions and multiplications. Each scheme varies in supported operations, ciphertext/key sizes, security level, and computational cost. Performance differences affect encryption, decryption, and homomorphic operation speeds. Choosing the right HE scheme depends on the application’s security, computational, and resource needs.