’’Quantum Key Distribution Inspired by DNA Encoding: A Novel Approach to Secure Communication’’

Abstract

This thesis explores the development of a hybrid cryptographic model that integrates quantum cryptography with DNA-based encryption to address the growing demand for secure communication in the face of emerging quantum threats. The study begins with a comprehensive review of classical, modern, and DNA-inspired cryptographic methods, highlighting their theoretical foundations and evaluating their resilience against contemporary security challenges. Building upon this background, the thesis introduces the fundamental concepts of quantum computing—such as qubits, entanglement, and superposition—which are essential for understanding quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. Special focus is given to the BB84 protocol, analyzing its operational mechanics, security guarantees, and vulnerability to eavesdropping. The core contribution lies in the simulation of the BB84 protocol under two scenarios: with and without the presence of an eavesdropper. The generated quantum key is then utilized in a DNA-based encryption and decryption process, wherein classical data is encoded into synthetic DNA sequences using predefined biological mapping rules. This hybrid approach demonstrates enhanced security by combining the physical robustness of quantum mechanics with the structural complexity of DNA encoding. The study concludes by summarizing key findings, acknowledging current limitations, and proposing future directions for optimizing and implementing the model in practical environments. The results highlight the potential of interdisciplinary cryptographic systems in building resilient security architectures for the post-quantum era.