La prise en charge de stabisme divergent

Abstract

Divergent strabismus is a problem with the parallelism of the visual axes, characterized by one eye turning outward. It is also known as exotropia. This deviation can be intermittent or constant. There are several types of exotropia, such as congenital or early-onset divergent strabismus, intermittent divergent strabismus, accommodative divergent strabismus, constant divergent strabismus, and secondary divergent strabismus. These conditions are described as less common than esotropias (where the eyes turn inward), but intermittent divergent strabismus is the most frequent type of exotropia. The management of divergent strabismus aims to restore proper ocular alignment. Therapeutic options include optical correction to address vision problems such as hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism; occlusion therapy, which involves covering the dominant eye to force the weaker eye to work harder; and the prescription of prisms to help straighten the eyes. In some cases, surgical treatment is necessary to correct divergent strabismus. The goal of surgery is to realign the eyes by strengthening or weakening the eye muscles as needed. The order in which these treatments are tried depends on the patient's age, the severity of the strabismus, and the type of exotropia. Adequate and early treatment is essential to improve the deviation and prevent complications.