Effets des résidus et du travail du sol sur la production de la biomasse et le rendement du blé dur (Triticum durum Desf., variété MBB) en lien avec l’utilisation de l’eau dans les conditions semi-arides des Hautes Plaines Sétifiennes

Abstract

The experiment was conducted during the 2009/10 cropping year, on a brown

calci-soil of the ITGC experimental station of Setif. The objective was to study

the effect of crop residues and tillage management on the rate of biomass

accumulation, grain yield and water use efficiency of durum wheat (Triticum

durum Desf., MBB variety). The experiment had four treatments which were

conventional tillage (CT) and direct drilling (NT), without and with 30% and 60%

residue cover rates. The results indicated that, compared to CT, NT reduced

emergence losses by 50%. CT produced more above ground biomass followed

by NT with 60% residue cover. CT presented higher grain and economical yields

than NT. The results indicated also that CT had a better water status than NT.

Under NT, residue cover reduced from water stress effect. CT had higher plant height, number of grains per head and 1000 kernel -weight. Total water used by

the different treatments varied from 298.2 to 334.4 mm. Water use efficiency

to produce grain varied from 6.08 to 9.78 kg /mm/ha, and varied from 21.76 to

29.75 kg/mm/ha to produce above ground biomass. NT with 60% residue rate

appeared to use more efficiently the available soil water content compared to

CT and NT without residue cover.