Aristolochia longa L. دراسة بيولوجية وتشريحية لنبات

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiacea) ,a local medicinal plant. It is used in folk medicine for multiple purposes, especially for the fight against cancer. This study was devoted the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis( the determination of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins contents of Aristolochia longa L.) after their extraction by using various solvents with different polarities(methanol, acetone and distilled water). These extracts were prepared from aerial parts (stems and leaves), fruits and tubers. The antioxidant activity was determined using three in vitro assays methods: scavenging effect on DPPH, the reducing power assay and ẞ-carotene bleaching inhibition (CBI). The results obtained indicate that the acetone extracts from the aerial parts presented the highest contents of polyphenols(525,43±29,6μg/mg)followed by fruit aqueous extract (518,54±14.93μg/mg). while the aerial parts methanol extract has the highest flavonoids content (52,37±0.94μg/mg).The results of the antioxidant activity showed that all extracts of Aristolochia longa L., prepared using different solvent, have diverse antioxidant capacities, however The aerial parts methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity of DPPH and reducing power(respectively 55,04ug/ml±1,29 and 0,2 mg/ml±0,019), but the aerial parts acetone extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity in the test of ẞ-carotene bleaching inhibition with 57%. For antibacterial activity the fruit methanol extract was too efficient against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923and Bacillus cereus ATTC10876, but no effect was observed when these extracts were tested on the fungi Aspergillus flavus NRRL 391, Aspergillus niger 2CA 936, and Condida albicans ATCC1024. The inhibition protein denaturation was found in the aerial parts acetone extract to be (78,35±6,18)% at the dose 500μg/ml,with regards to standards Diclofenac sodium (85,56±1,78)% in the anti-inflammatory activity. The anatomical study of root, stem and leaf of Aristolochia longa L. showed that it has a typical structure of the dicotyledon plant, and proved that the tuber of this plant is a root tuber. The study of acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of tubers and the Fruit aqueous extract also showed that it was relatively non-toxic, with DL50 superior to 12 g / kg, and DL50 superior than 5000 mg / kg) respectively. Biochemical analyses and tissue sections of mice also showed that both liver and kidney tissues were affected, especially at high doses of this plant. Finally, due to the obtained results, the Aristolochia longa L. plant has an important biological activity, which invites us to study more precisely the possibility of a better use in the medical field.