http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/48 Fri, 22 May 2026 22:13:52 GMT 2026-05-22T22:13:52Z http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6661 Titre: Biochemistry A Course Designed to 2 Year Basic studies Students (LMD) Auteur(s): FERDJIOUI, Siham Résumé: Biochemistry, study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms and of the changes they undergo during development and life. It deals with the chemistry of life, and as such it draws on the techniques of analytical, organic, and physical chemistry, as well as those of physiologists concerned with the molecular basis of vital processes. All chemical changes within the organism—either the degradation of substances, generally to gain necessary energy, or the buildup of complex molecules necessary for life processes—are collectively called metabolism. These chemical changes depend on the action of organic catalysts known as enzymes, and enzymes, in turn, depend for their existence on the genetic apparatus of the cell. It is not surprising, therefore, that biochemistry enters into the investigation of chemical changes in disease, drug action, and other aspects of medicine, as well as in nutrition, genetics, and agriculture. The term biochemistry is synonymous with two somewhat older terms: physiological chemistry and biological chemistry. Those aspects of biochemistry that deal with the chemistry and function of very large molecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids) are often grouped under the term molecular biology. Biochemistry has been known under that term since about 1900. Its origins, however, can be traced much further back; its early history is part of the early history of both physiology and chemistry. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6661 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6606 Titre: Search for new genetic markers for type 1 diabetes Auteur(s): Derguine, Rania Résumé: This study aims to identify certain early pancreatic beta cell’s dysregulations responsible for type 1 diabetes development and to evaluate certain biological effects of curcumin and nicotinamide that may be effective in the management of type 1 diabetes. Initially, β-cell disorders were studied using streptozotocin-treated NIT-1 cells as an experimental model. Streptozotocin significantly induced the death of both β-cells and mice-isolated pancreatic islets. Streptozotocine-treated NIT- 1cells showed a set of disorders including an up-regulation of three genes expression related to ER- stress (ATF4, NF-ĸB1, and CHOP), and a state of oxidative stress which was observed as a decrease in GSH level and an increase in ROS accumulation, MDA level, and the activities of XO and SOD. Secondly, the potential beneficial effects of curcumin and nicotinamide on pancreatic beta-cells (NIT-1 cell line) and pancreatic islets (isolated from mice) were evaluated. Nicotinamide was non- toxic to both islets and NIT-1 cells, while curcumin showed a minor insignificant toxicity to NIT-1 cells .Curcumin and nicotinamide significantly enhanced insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. Curcumin significantly reduced insulin secretion in β-cells, whereas nicotinamide slightly increased this secretion. Both molecules significantly protected β-cells against the STZ-induced death and STZ-induced ROS accumulation. Curcumin at low dose (30µg/ml) exerted an antioxidant effect in β- cell as reflected by high level of GSH and low levels of MDA and SOD, while at high dose (60µg/ml), it induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant activity of nicotinamide was confirmed in vitro by evaluating its effect on xanthine oxydase activity. Nicotinamide showed remarquable and dose-dependent inhibition of XO activity. The possible side effects of these molecules on pancreatic β-cell was also verified by assessing their impact on the expression of NF-ĸB1, ATF4, and CHOP genes. Both molecules at high dose (60µg/ml) increased the expression of these genes. Bioinformatic study showed the interaction of curcumin with a set of proteins involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.The immuno-modulatory activity of curcumin and nicotinamide on human neutrophil was also assessed. Curcumin significantly decreased neutrophil viability, elastase activity, and myeloperoxidase activity in a dose-dependent manner, while nicotinamide showed no immunomodulatory effects on these parameters. Curcumin's potential as a HNE and MPO inhibitor was confirmed through computational studies, including molecular docking analysis, DFT calculations, and MEP analysis, which revealed its high affinity with HNE and MPO enzyme active sites and provide informations on the electronic, energetic, and elecroteostatic characteristics of curcumin. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6606 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6581 Titre: BIOCHEMISTRY Course intended for second-year Common Core students Auteur(s): MADOUI, Soraya Résumé: Biochemistry is the science that studies the structure and properties of the molecules that make up living organisms (such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids). It also examines the transfor- mation reactions (metabolism) of these molecules, including degradation reactions (catabolism) and biosynthesis reactions (anabolism). This structural biochemistry course is intended for second-year biology students. It aims to help them understand the structure and physicochemical properties of the three main components of living cells: proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. All life sciences require knowledge of biochemistry. The biochemistry of nucleic acids lies at the heart of genetics; conversely, genetic approaches have shed light on many areas of biochemistry. The field of physiology, which studies bodily functions, overlaps almost completely with that of biochemistry. Immunology relies heavily on biochemical techniques, and biochemists often em- ploy immunological approaches. Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences are founded on solid biochemical and physiological principles; for instance, most drugs are metabolized through enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Poisons act on biochemical reactions or pathways, which are the main focus of toxicology. Biochemical approaches are increasingly used to investigate the fun- damental aspects of pathology (the study of diseases), such as inflammation, cellular damage, and cancer. Many researchers in microbiology, animal biology, and plant biology rely almost exclusively on biochemical methods. These interconnections are not surprising, since life as we know it depends on biochemical reac- tions and transformations. Indeed, the traditional boundaries between the life sciences are dis- solving as biochemistry increasingly becomes their common language. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6581 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6566 Titre: Pratical work in general and organic chemistry for L1 SNV Auteur(s): OUKSEL, Louiza Résumé: Practical work (PW), commonly referred to as laboratory sessions or practicals, constitutes a pedagogical approach centered on experiential learning. It involves the performance of experiments designed to verify, illustrate, and complement the knowledge acquiredin theoretical courses. Such activities are particularly relevant to the experimental sciences. In contrast to lectures or tutorials, which are conducted primarily through oral or written means, practical sessions require the use of specialized equipment (e.g., laboratory glassware, chemical reagents, or computers). The instructional space dedicated to these activities, typically designed as a laboratory, is conventionally designated as a practical work laboratory or laboratory classroom. Practical work represents both an application and an assessment of students’ mastery of the scientific method, which entails formulating hypotheses, designing experimental protocols, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and refining the initial assumptions. Moreover, these sessions serve to demonstrate the techniques and processes implemented in applied workshops, while also allowing pedagogical materials to be adapted in accordance with the methods and technologies under investigation. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6566 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z