http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/1411 2026-06-23T05:03:30Z 2026-06-23T05:03:30Z ALLOUNI, Rima http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6670 2026-06-10T12:15:15Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titre: Immunology Handout : For L2 students in biotechnology and biology Auteur(s): ALLOUNI, Rima Résumé: Immunity, derived from the Latin "immunitas" (im, marking negation; munus, charge, or tax; immunitas, dispensation or exemption from burden), initially referred to the resistance of an organism to an infectious agent to which it is exposed. This definition was later extended to include all reactions aimed at eliminating foreign substances. Currently, immunology is defined as the study of the body's defenses against any situation that is potentially harmful to the host (harmful to health and can even lead to death): i. recognition and elimination of non-self, such as pathogenic microorganisms responsible for infections; and ii. Eliminate stressed, damaged, or pathogenic cells of the "self" (e.g., cancerous, or virus-infected cells)....

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z ALLOUNI, Rima http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6669 2026-06-04T12:38:01Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titre: Structural Biochemistry Tutorial Handout : For L.2 students in biotechnology and biology Auteur(s): ALLOUNI, Rima Résumé: § Around 6000 BC, practices of deliberate transmission of smallpox existed in China as a preventive measure. This technique, known as variolation, involved collecting pus from a mildly infected patient and inoculating it into a healthy individual using a needle. § Variolation became known in England around 1722, notably through the wife of the British ambassador to Constantinople, who had her son inoculated using this method. It subsequently spread throughout Europe in the following years. § On May 14, 1796, Edward Jenner collected material from a pustule of a young woman infected with cowpox and inoculated it into an eight-year-old boy. After the boy recovered from the mild infection, Jenner exposed him to smallpox. The boy did not develop severe symptoms. Edward Jenner is now considered the founder of immunology. § Another major milestone in immunology was the development of a rabies vaccine by Louis Pasteur in 1885. On July 6, 1885, Pasteur vaccinated Joseph Meister, a nine-year-old boy who had been bitten by a rabid dog two days earlier. Joseph Meister became the first person to survive rabies. Within one year, 350 individuals were vaccinated, and none died from the disease. § Robert Koch identified the causative agent of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). His work laid the foundation for Calmette and Guérin, who developed the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis. § In 1888, Émile Roux and Alexandre Yersin discovered the diphtheria toxin. § At the beginning of the 20th century, immunology research followed two main directions:

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z DERAFA, Ismahane http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6665 2026-06-01T10:39:21Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titre: Techniques de culture cellulaire et modèles d’expérimentation animale : Niveau : 1ere ANNEE master Biochimie Appliqué Auteur(s): DERAFA, Ismahane Résumé: Depuis la nuit des temps, l’homme s’est servi de l’animal pour répondre à ses besoins dans différents domaines.il l’a domestiqué et a fait de lui son meilleur compagnon (chat et chien), animal de traction et labour (bœuf), animal de loisir (cheval), source de nourriture pour subvenir à ses besoins nutritionnelles (toutes espèces comestibles, bovine ovine caprine…etc). En outre, l’utilité de l’animal ne se limite pas à ces domaines précités mais il a rendu un grand service à l’humanité notamment dans la recherche scientifique, plus particulièrement le domaine médical. L’animal occupe une place irremplaçable dans l’avancée des sciences expérimentales notamment la biologie fondamentale, les sciences pharmacologiques et médicales. Grace à l’animal de laboratoire, l’homme a pu comprendre et expliquer la complexité de certains phénomènes physiologiques ayant lieu dans son propre organisme, d’induire et traiter certaines maladies. Pour cela, l’homme ne peut s’en passer de l’animal non seulement pour répondre à ses besoins nutritionnels mais plutôt pour satisfaire sa curiosité scientifiques de découverte et d’exploration pour le traitement de certaines maladies menaçant l’humanité entre autre le cancer sous toutes ses formes et le SIDA.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z FERDJIOUI, Siham http://dspace.univ-setif.dz:8888/jspui/handle/123456789/6661 2026-05-04T10:16:09Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titre: Biochemistry A Course Designed to 2 Year Basic studies Students (LMD) Auteur(s): FERDJIOUI, Siham Résumé: Biochemistry, study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms and of the changes they undergo during development and life. It deals with the chemistry of life, and as such it draws on the techniques of analytical, organic, and physical chemistry, as well as those of physiologists concerned with the molecular basis of vital processes. All chemical changes within the organism—either the degradation of substances, generally to gain necessary energy, or the buildup of complex molecules necessary for life processes—are collectively called metabolism. These chemical changes depend on the action of organic catalysts known as enzymes, and enzymes, in turn, depend for their existence on the genetic apparatus of the cell. It is not surprising, therefore, that biochemistry enters into the investigation of chemical changes in disease, drug action, and other aspects of medicine, as well as in nutrition, genetics, and agriculture. The term biochemistry is synonymous with two somewhat older terms: physiological chemistry and biological chemistry. Those aspects of biochemistry that deal with the chemistry and function of very large molecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids) are often grouped under the term molecular biology. Biochemistry has been known under that term since about 1900. Its origins, however, can be traced much further back; its early history is part of the early history of both physiology and chemistry.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z